ABSTRACT Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 is widely distributed in the Old and New World (26 species), and Histiotus Gervais, 1856 is a South American endemic (11 species). Molecular phylogenies have recovered Eptesicus (sensu lato) as polyphyletic, with New World Eptesicus and the sister genus Histiotus in a paraphyletic American clade sister to Old World Eptesicus. Based on these phylogenetic reconstructions, authors have treated Histiotus as either a subgenus of Eptesicus or restricted Eptesicus to the New World species, treating Histiotus as a full genus, and using the name Cnephaeus Kaup, 1829 at the generic rank to comprise Old World Eptesicus. Based on recently published molecular studies, and on novel qualitative and quantitative morphological comparisons of representatives of Histiotus and New and Old World Eptesicus, we provide evidence for restricting the name Eptesicus to the species E. fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) and E. guadeloupensis Genoways & Baker, 1975, allocating the remaining New World species under a new genus, keeping Histiotus as a full genus, and raising Cnephaeus to generic rank to comprise all Old World taxa currently under Eptesicus. This arrangement resolves the paraphyly of New World Eptesicus, and promotes taxonomic stability for Histiotus, which is a well-established genus of easily recognizable Neotropical bats and treated separate from Eptesicus by most authorities.

ABSTRACT Myotis atacamensis (Lataste, 1892) was described based on three syntypes from San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. The type series is lost. The original description was based on few external and cranial characters, and the diagnosis became obsolete and useless considering the current diversity of South American Myotis. Based on 12 specimens of M. atacamensis from southern Peru and northern Chile, we provide a morphological comparison with its South American congeners, designate a neotype, and provide a new diagnosis.

Abstract: Macrotus waterhousii is a phyllostomid bat whose diet is poorly known, particularly in semiarid and temperate central Mexico. In this work additional information is reported from food remains discarded by this bat, including taxonomic composition, frequencies and size range of consumed insects; the assessment of a prediction on prey hardness of food insects, at the ordinal level; relative energy reward of insect prey in the sample; a comparison of the composition of the food sample from the arid study locality against one from a subtropical-temperate site; and brief comments on the known ecological importance of particular prey in the arid site. A sample of insect food remains discarded by Macrotus waterhousii bulleri, was recovered from under a roost in semiarid northern Querétaro, Mexico. The taxonomic identity, estimated relative abundance, size, hardness, and ecological relations of prey species in the sample were studied and results were compared with reference to feeding ecology. A comparison of the data with available information on food taken by Macrotus waterhousii mexicanus in temperate-subtropical central Mexico was made. Information on the importance of the most relevant identified insects was extracted from literature and analyzed. In Querétaro, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera were frequent; moths dominated but, as a single species, the (winged) ant, Atta mexicana was most frequent. Nocturnal insects were frequent; diurnal ones may have been gleaned at night. A sample from Estado de México featured Orthoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. Wingspan range of frequent prey in Querétaro was 25-80 mm, but moths over 70 mm were over one fifth of the sample. Prey hardness estimation was similar to that for Macrotus californicus. Some insects identified are of ecologic and agricultural relevance. Insects known to be seasonally abundant in the environment were also abundant in the sample, presumably captured according to that availability. However this bat, aside from eating insects of moderate size in proportion to its jaw size, is also capable of capturing large moths and these may represent a significant energy intake. Most insects are nocturnal species. The taxonomic composition of the food samples from both areas suggests that M. waterhousii (sensu lato) may be mostly an opportunistic predator. Local insect fauna composition and dynamics may be hypothesized to influence food taken by M. waterhousii. Several insect species consumed by this bat in semiarid Querétaro have crucial roles in the ecology of arid land vegetation, as well as some economic importance for agriculture as pests.

Resumen: Macrotus waterhousii es un murciélago filostómido cuya dieta se conoce pobremente, particularmente en áreas semiáridas y templadas del centro de México. Este trabajo aporta información adicional a partir de restos de alimentos descartados por este murciélago incluyendo: composición taxonómica, frecuencias e intervalo de tamaño de los insectos consumidos; evaluación de una predicción sobre dureza de presas al nivel de órdenes entomológicos; recompensa energética relativa de los insectos en la muestra; una comparación de la composición de la muestra de restos alimenticios del sitio árido con una de un sitio subtropical-templado; y comentarios breves sobre la importancia ecológica de presas particulares en el sitio árido. Se recuperó una muestra de restos de insectos descartados por Macrotus waterhousii bulleri bajo un refugio en el norte semiárido de Querétaro, México. Se estudiaron la identidad taxonómica, la abundancia relativa estimada, el tamaño, dureza estimada y relaciones ecológicas de los insectos presa y se contrastaron los resultados en referencia a la ecología de la alimentación de este quiróptero. Se compararon los resultados con información disponible sobre alimentación de Macrotus waterhousii mexicanus en un sitio templado-subtropical de México central. Se extrajo y estudió información de literatura sobre la importancia de los insectos más relevantes en la muestra. En Querétaro fueron frecuentes Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera y Coleoptera; dominaron las mariposas nocturnas pero la hormiga Atta mexicana fue la más frecuente. Predominaron insectos nocturnos; los diurnos pudieron ser recogidos posados, por la noche. Un reporte del Estado de México incluyó Orthoptera, Coleoptera y Lepidoptera. La envergadura de presas frecuentes en Querétaro fue de 25-80 mm, pero más de una quinta parte fueron mariposas nocturnas de más de 70 mm. La dureza estimada de presas es similar a la de Macrotus californicus. Algunos de los insectos identificados tienen relevancia ecológica o en la agricultura. Insectos que se sabe son abundantes estacionalmente en el ambiente fueron también abundantes en la muestra, presumiblemente capturados conforme a esa disponibilidad. Sin embargo, este murciélago, además de alimentarse de insectos de tamaño moderado en proporción al tamaño y estructura de sus mandíbulas, también es capaz de capturar mariposas nocturnas grandes y éstas pueden representar in ingreso significativo de energía. La mayoría de los insectos son especies nocturnas. La composición taxonómica de las muestras de restos de alimento en ambos sitios sugiere que M. waterhousii (sensu lato) puede ser principalmente un depredador oportunista. Puede formularse la hipótesis de que la composición local de la fauna de insectos y su dinámica influyen en el alimento tomado por M. waterhousii. Varias especies de insectos consumidos por este murciélago en la parte semiárida de Querétaro tienen papeles cruciales en la ecología de la vegetación árida, así como cierta importancia económica para la agricultura, como plagas.

Currently twelve species of Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae) are recognized from South America, with several other named taxa regarded as synonyms, among them Myotis punensis J.A. Allen, 1914. This name was first regarded as a junior synonym of Myotis albescens (É. Geoffroy, 1806) and subsequently of Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821). To address the taxonomic status of the holotype of M. punensis, we compared it to all South American species in the genus. The fringe of hairs on the trailing edge of the uropatagium, the fur color, and external and skull dimensions all suggest M. punensis should be treated as a junior synonym of M. albescens

Resumo É apresentada uma lista atualizada de quirópteros da região amazônica brasileira, baseada em nossa coleção de 3.081 exemplares capturados em 12 áreas na Bacia Amazônica e com referência às literaturas anteriormente publicadas. A lista conta com 95 espécies de 51 gêneros e 9 famílias, sendo 3 espécies (Micronycteris hirsuta, Natalus stramineus e Rhogessa tumida) citadas pela primeira vez como ocorrendo na região; e das demais alistadas por pesquisadores anteriores, são registradas e confirmadas 68 espécies.

Summary We present an updated checklist on bats of the Amazon Basin in Brazil, based on our collection of 3.081 specimens in 12 areas in the Basin and a review of the existing literature. The list consists of 95 species belonging to 51 genera and 9 families: 3 species (Micronycteris hirsuta, Natalus stramineus and Rhogessa tumida) are being cited for the first time as present in the Amazon Basin; of the remaining 92 species reported by previous workers. 68 were registered and confirmed by the present authors.